01 · THE MATERIAL WORLD WITHIN
Manufacturer-reportedLithium-ion battery
4200 mAh rechargeable module.
Complete battery module; not lithium mass.
The complete material journey
Open a stage for its process, evidence and map.
01Inputs & origins
Read the chemistry and cell marking. A generic battery does not establish a lithium-ion route.
Published material or product-family context; individual-item provenance unverifiedExplore this stage on Earth3 sources behind this section
02Material production
The chemistry determines electrodes, separator, electrolyte and casing. No specific battery chemistry or mine is assigned from appearance.
Published material or product-family context; individual-item provenance unverifiedExplore this stage on Earth3 sources behind this section
03Forming & assembly
Cell and pack manufacturing.
Published material or product-family context; individual-item provenance unverifiedExplore this stage on Earth3 sources behind this section
04Distribution
China-to-Europe distribution is modelled as 30% air and 70% sea freight. These are study assumptions, not observed shipments.
2024 LCA distribution model.Explore this stage on Earth1 source behind this section
05Use & care
The study assumes three years of use; repair scenarios include replacement batteries.
2024 LCA service-life scenarios.Explore this stage on Earth1 source behind this section
06Collection & recovery
Use a programme that accepts the identified battery type. Lithium and rechargeable batteries need dedicated handling, away from household trash and ordinary recycling.
Published material or product-family context; individual-item provenance unverifiedExplore this stage on Earth8 sources behind this section
EPA · common recyclablesUS Environmental Protection AgencyEPA · electronics donation and recyclingUS Environmental Protection AgencyEPA · used household batteriesUS Environmental Protection AgencyFraunhofer IZM · Fairphone 5 life cycle assessment, 2024Fraunhofer IZM / Fairphone · 2024Sections 3.4 and 4.4.1, pages 17 and 23–26Fortum · Ikaalinen to Harjavalta battery recyclingFortumOperator-published process description or dated announcement; selected factual evidenceFortum · Harjavalta facility openingFortum · 2023-04Operator-published process description or dated announcement; selected factual evidenceBASF · Schwarzheide black-mass production startBASF · 2025-06-03Operator-published process description or dated announcement; selected factual evidenceBASF & TSR · European EV battery servicesBASF · 2026-04-15Operator-published process description or dated announcement; selected factual evidence07Remaining waste
The baseline ends at transport, depollution and shredding. Subsequent material recovery belongs to the next product’s accounting.
2024 LCA allocation boundary.Explore this stage on Earth1 source behind this section
Still to establish: Cell model, chemistry and producer records are needed. A generic battery is not evidence of a lithium, cobalt or nickel origin.
3 sources behind this section
Compare these material branches with the model’s specification or the markings on your object.